Building construction



Nov. 14, 1933. B. E. BALDUF' BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed June 10, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet l lNVENTOR BRUNO E BHLDUF BY ATTORNEY Nov. 14, 1933. B E, BALDUF 1,935,536

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed June 10, 1931 3 SheetsSheet J? INVENTOR BRUNO EBHL DU BY ATTbRNEY B. E. BALDUF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Nov. 14, 1933.

3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed June 10, 1931 INVENTQR BEL/No E BALDUF? BY ATTORNEY Patented Nov. 14, 1933 nmnme CONSTRUCTION Bruno E. Balduf, Chicago, 111., assignor to United States Gypsum Company, Chicago, 11]., a corporation of Illinois Application June 10, 1931. Serial No. 543,318

19 Claims. (Cl. 72-118) This invention relates to means for constructing buildings and has reference more particular- 1y to attaching means for connecting the various structural parts composing walls, ceiling and floors of buildings.

Certain forms of the invention also relate to resilient attaching of connecting means between the various building parts so as to provide sound insulating walls, floors and ceilings, as well as acoustical correction thereby.

In my Patent No. 1,778,412 I'have disclosed aconstruction for buildings in which lightweight panels are spaced apart from the frames of buildings by resilient connectors or spring clips for the purpose of preventing the passage oi. sound through the walls, ceilings and floors of the building. The present invention is directed more specifically to the general idea of combining an acoustical material with the resilient clip so that a combination ofsound insulation and acoustical correction is obtained.

Another object ,of the invention is to provide certain convenient forms of resilient connectors or spring clips which can be erected with a minimum of trouble in labor.

A further object of the invention is to provide non-resilient connectors for mounting panels of gypsum board or the like upon the frame work of buildings; also to improve building con- 30 structions in other respects hereinafter and claimed.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification, in which Fig. 1 is a fragmentary elevation of one form of my invention, inwhich specially shaped resilient connectors are used for attaching runners or channels to a wall,

Fig. 2 is a sectional plan view through .the wall construction taken. on line 22 of Fig. 1,

Fig. 3 is a sectional plan view on line 3-3 of Fig. 1, showing a clip for attaching gypsum board to a runner or channel,

Fig. 4 is a sectional plan view showing another form of clip for attaching gypsum board to channels or runners,

Fig. 5 is an elevation of the clip shown in Fig. 4,

Fig. 6 is a sectional perspective view of a wall employing wood studding and showing a modified form of clip for resiliently attaching gypsum board to the studding,

' Fig. '7 is a plan view of the resilient clip shown in Fig. 6,

Fig. 8 is a further modified form of clip used ner of a room,

Fig. 9 is a sectional perspective view of a further modified form of construction showing resilient clips for attaching gypsum board to metal studs or runners,

Fig. 10 is a fragmentary elevation of one of the attaching clips shown in Fig. 9,

Fig. 11 is a sectional plan view showing the form of clip disclosed in Figs. 9 and 10,

Fig. 12 is a sectional plan view showing a still further modified form of clip used for attaching gypsum boards to metal furring strips, taken on line 1212 of Fig. 13,

Fig. 13 is a fragmentary elevation showing the form of clip disclosed inFig. 12,

Fig. 14 is a perspective view of a still further modified form of clip used for attaching metal lath to wood studding,

Fig. 15 is an elevation of the clip shown in Fig. 14, said clip being adapted to support metal lath coated with an acoustical or sound-absorbing material,

Fig. 16 is a perspective view of a form of clip for attaching a metal lath supporting runner to so a wooden stud,

Fig. 1'! is a sectional plan view taken on line 11-17 of Fig. 18 of another form of clip used for attaching the nailing strip to a wood stud,

' Fig. 18 is a fragmentary elevation 01' a wall and ceiling construction employing the clip shown in Fig. 1'7.

A wall or ceiling construction may be formed of a slab 20 of heavy masonry material such as gypsum tiles, brick, concrete, wood or the like. This slab 20 is preferably a massive construction and ofiers some resistance to the passing of sound therethrough. A lighter weight panel 21 of gypsum board, fiber board "or other suitable material is spaced apart from the slab 20 and is adapted to be coated with a plastic material, such as plaster, plastic paint, etc. The panel 21 may be connected to the slab 20 by means oi} resilient clips 22 which are preferably composed of lightweight resilient metal, such as steel so 100 that when sound waves cause the vibration of either the panei 21 or slab 20 the vibration of the other will be minimized through the reduction in mechanical connection and thus prevent the passage of sound through the wall structure.

The clips 22 may take a variety of forms as will be hereinafter described, in order to accommodate wall structures of different shapes and materials. One such form of clip is illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 in which channel strips or 110 for resiliently supporting plasterboard in the corlike to the outstanding lugs or flanges 45v formed runners 23 have their flanges 24 turned inwardly toward the wall 20. A pair of clips 22 are provided with flanges 25 engaging the web of channel 23 and also U-shaped loops or flanges 26 engaging the channel flanges 24 so that the clips may be quickly snapped into place on said channel 23. A resilient and integral loop 27 is provided on each of the clips'22 and these loops terminate in an outwardly extending base flange 28 which is secured to the walls 20 in any suitable way suchas by nails 29. It will be noted that these nails 29 are driven .from the front face of the wall 28 so as to provide convenient nailing accessibility. The axes of the nails 29 extend substantially vertically to the plane of the panels 21. The finished structure will then take the shape as shown in Fig. 2. In order to attach plasterboard to the channels 23, a clip 30 is arranged with its plane extending substantially at right angles to the channel 23, and is provided with oppositely extending flanges or lugs 31 along each of its edges so as to form a pair of oppositely directed channels for receiving the edges of gypsum board 21. An attaching clip 32 is secured to the clip 30, as by spot-welding, and .is provided with a U-shaped flange 33-arranged to extend around the channel flange 24 so that the clip 30 may be quickly snapped into position on the channel 23 ready for the reception of the gypsum board. The clip 30 may be movedalong the channel 23 so as to bring it into close contact with the edges of the board 21. Plaster or plastic paint may then be applied over the outer surface of the board 21 so as to present a smooth surface which effectively conceals the lugs 31. If a non-resilient wall is desired, a channel member 35 is employed (Fig. 4) in which the flanges 36 thereof extend parallel to the gypsum board. The clip 3'7 resembling clip 30 is used, but the clip 3'7 has a pair of L-shaped attaching flanges 38 and 39 secured by spot-welding to the clip 3'7 and arranged to embrace the web and flange of the channel 35. Outstanding lugs 40 are then formed along the edge of the clip 3'! as in clip 30, for receiving the edges of the gypsum board. I! it is not desired to make the clips 22 resilient but to merely use them for furring, the loops 2'7 are eliminated and sloping sections 27a are used instead as shown by the dot and dash lines in Fig. 2.

When wood studs 41 are used for the wall construction as is common in small dwelling houses" (Figs. 5, 6, '7, and 8) a different type 0! clip is used in which an L-shaped base flange 42 embraces the corner of the stud 41 and is bent back on itself to form a double thickness of metal through which extends an attaching nail 43. Because of the L shaped character of clip 42, only one nail is needed to hold said clip in position. A resilient loop 44 extends outwardly and then inwardly to be attached by spot-welding or the along the edges or a clip 46, said flanges forming opposed channels and being arranged to recelve the edges of adjoining gypsumboards 21.

At the corner of the room, a special clip 48 is secured to the resilient loop 44 and is provided with lugs 49 and 50 extending at right angles one to the other to receive the edges of the plasterboard as they meet at a 90 angle. Adjacent to the'floor 01' this type of wall construction, a nailingstrip52 maybeattachedtothebaseoi' the studs 41 and the bottoms of the gypsum boards 21 may then be attached to this nailing strip by means of nails 53. In this manner the wall panel formed with the gypsum boards 21 as a base, is rigidly secured around its edges but is yieldingly held all through its center area so as to reduce the mechanical connection and thus prevent sound transmission.

It is sometimes desirable to substitute steel channel studs 54 instead of the wood studs 41 in a wall construction and in such a case, clips 55 similar to clips 46, are provided with outstanding lugs 56 for the reception of adioining gypsum board. A resilent spring clip 5'7 may be spotwelded to the clips 55, and its inner-end is provided with a substantially U-shaped flange 58 which may be quickly snapped into place to enclose a flange 59 of the channel stud 54. The bases of the channel studs 54 may rest upon a horizontally extending channel base 60having upturned flanges 61. The bottom of the channel stud 54 might also rest in a hole formed in a concrete floor or might be attached to a floor by angle clips and spikes, or in any other desired way. A special clip 62 is provided with a double U-shaped attaching flange 63, said flange 63 being arranged to enclose an upturned flange 61 to connect the clip 62 to the base channd 60. Upwardly directed lugs 64 are provided on the clip 62 for receiving the bottom edges 04' gypsum board 21. In some cases a wall structure is formed by means of tuning channels 86 having their flanges 67 turned inwardly toward the wall and engaging at the bottom and top of said channel 66 with wood strips 68 positioned along the top and bottom of the room. Screws 69 may extend through the channels 66 and connect such channels to the wood strips 68. 1 Clips '70 may then be provided to engage the channel flanges 6'7, said clip '70 closely resembling the clip 55 and being adapted to receive the adjoining edges of gypsum board.

In many cases it is desirable to provide a 5 resilient attaching clip for connecting metal lath to the framework of the building and such a clip is shown in Figs. 14 and 15. This clip comprises a plate '72 having a pointed, U-shaped tongue '73 struck out therefrom. This plate '72 may be attached to a resilient flat spring loop '74 by spot-welding or the like or may be formed integral with said loop. The loop-'74 is provided with an outstanding flange '75 bent back on itself to form an L-shaped bracket '76, a nail 7'7 5 extending through the flange 75 and bracket '76 into the stud 41. It should be understood that this metal lath attaching plate '72'may be provided with any 0! the previously described attaching means for resiliently connecting the 121- m panded metal lath to any or the channel strips. After the bracket '76 is attached to the stud 41. expandedmetallath'lllisputinpositionontbc wallwiththepointedprong'73 extendingthrough oneotthemeshesinthelath. Plasterwlsthm appliedtnthemetallath'msoastoprovide a lightweight panel which vibrates under the impact of impinging sound wavu.

Instead of ordinary plaster 80, acwstical; plaster may be' applied to'the metal lath '79 or to the-gypsumboardillsoaswpresentaporous .sound absorbingsuriacetotheimpingingsoimd waves for acoustical correction and prevention ofechoesinaroom. Alsoaeousticalmaterlal inthetormofaeousticalplasterorporwstilesi maybeappliedtothemetallathworgypsum board2l. Theseaeousticaltilesmaybemade otorganicflbersoramineralwoolbasewlth a. binder, or be made of lightweight ceramic -material having inter-communicating pores.

1,985,586 .The advantage of using an acoustical material which is more nearly uniform at all pitches of sound.

If desired the plate '72 may be in the form of an elongated strip 82 having struck-out tongues or prongs 83 for engaging the expanded metal lath. A special clip having a resilient loop 84 may be bent back on itself on itsfree end'to form a resilient clamping member 85 for enclosing the strip 82 and holding said strip firmly in place. The loop 84 may be provided with the usual L-shaped attaching bracket 86 or any of the other attaching means for connecting same to channel shaped runners or studs.

If desired, the resilient clips may be in form shown in Figs. 17 and 18 in which a nailing strip 87 is used for supporting the gypsum boards 21, nails 88 extending through said board into said nailing strip. A resilient clip having a spring loop 89 is provided on one of its ends with a U-shaped integral bracket 90 to engage the edge of the nailing strip 87, a nail 91 passing through said bracket into said nailing strip. The loop 89 may be provided with the usual L-shaped bracket 92 secured to a wood stud 41 in any suitable way such as by nail 93. The nailing strip 87 of the wall in the room may be connected together in a corner of the room by means of the nail 94.

I would state in conclusion that while the illustrated examples constitute a practical embodiment of my invention, 1. do not wish to limit myself precisely to these details, since manifestly, the same may be considerably varied without departing from the spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:----

1. In a building construction, a'building frame, a resilient spring loop attached to said frame at one end, a U-shaped flange formed on the opposite end of said spring loop, and means for attaching a lightweight panel to said U-shaped flange.

2. In a building construction, a building frame, a spring loop secured at one end to said build ing frame, outstanding tongues formed along the opposite end of said spring loop and arranged to form oppositely disposed channels for the re-= ception of building boards, and boards arranged with adjoining edges resting in said channels.

3. In a building construction, a building frame, a resilient flat metal loop connected at one end to said building frame, a lightweight panel se-= cured to the opposite end' of said spring loop, and a surface layer of porous, sound absorbing material on the exposed face of said lightweight panel.

4. In a building construction, a building mem ber of massive construction, a building panel of light construction in spaced, parallel relation to said member, resilient flat spring loops yieldingly connecting said panel and member, and a surfacing material of porous sound absorbing character on the exposed face of said lightweight panel. a

5. In a building construction, a building frame,

a resilient spring loop connected at one end to said building frame, an outstanding prong formed upon the opposite end of said spring loop, metal lath supported by said prong, and a surfacing material of cementitious character supported on said lath for the purpose of receiving impinging sound waves.

- 6. In a building construction, a channel striphaving outstanding flanges formed along the opposite edges thereof, a resilient spring loop, a channel-shaped bracket formed on one end of said loop and engaging said channel strip, a clip secured to the other end of said loop and having outstanding tongues formed along opposite.

edges thereof so as to form oppositely directed channels, and gypsum boards arranged in a plane and having their adjoining edges received in said channels.

7. In a building construction, a metal channel strip having outstanding flanges along the longitudinal edges, a clip having a channel-shaped portion arranged to receive one of said flanges, outstanding tongues formed on said clip so as to form oppositely disposed channels, and building boards arranged in a plane andhaving their adjoining edges engaging in said channels.

8. In a building construction, a building frame, a resilient flat spring loop having an L-shaped bracket formed on one end thereof, means for attaching said L-shaped bracket to said building frame, and means on the opposite end of said spring loop for supporting a lightweight panel.

9. In a building construction, a building frame, a resilient flat metal loop secured at one end to said building frame, an outstanding tongue formed on the opposite end of said spring loop,

said tongue being arranged to form a pair of I channels arranged in intersecting planes, and building boards having their adjacent edges engaged in said channels.

iii. In a building construction, a building frame, a resilient spring loop attached at one end to said frame, an attaching member formed on the opposite end of said spring loop, said attaching-member being so shaped as to form opposed channels, and building panels supported by said spring loop, said building panels having their adjoining edges received in said channels, said loop being adapted to absorb sound waves impinging on said panels.

ii. In a building construction, a building frame, a resilient, metallic, spring member attached at one end to said frame, opposed channels formed on the opposite end of said spring member, and building panels having adjoining edges supported 'in said channels, said spring member being adapted to absorb sound waves impinging on said panels.

12. In a building construction, a building frame, a resilient, fiat resilient metal loop connected at one end to said building frame, a plurality of building panels arranged in a plane and having the adjoining edges thereof detachably secured to the opposite end of said loop, and a surface layer of porous, sound absorbing material on the face of said panels opposite said loop.

13. In a building construction, a building frame, an elongated, resilient spring member connected at one end to said frame, and a plurality of building panels arranged in a plane and having the adjoining edges thereof detachably secured to the opposite end of said member.

14. In a building construction, a wooden building frame, a resilient, flat spring loop having a bracket on one end shaped to partially enclose a portion of said frame, said bracket being perforated for the reception of a nail, and means on the opposite end of said spring loop for supporting a building panel.

15. In an attaching clip for building constructions, a flat spring, metal loop having a bracket on one end shaped to partially enclose a wooden frame member, said bracket being perforated for the reception of a nail, and opposed channels formed on the opposite end of said metal loop for the reception of the adjoining edges of building panels.

16. In an attaching clip for building constructions, a flat spring metal loop having a U-shaped bracket on one end for the reception of a flange of a metal channel frame, and opposed channels formed on the opposite end of said metal loop for the reception of adjoining edges of building panels.

1'1. In a building construction, a building frame, a resilient spring loop attached at one end to said frame, an attaching member formed on the opposite end of said loop, said attaching member comprising a U-shaped flange, and a building panel supported by said U-shaped flange.

18. In a building construction, a building frame, a clip having a resilient loop and positioned adJacent said building frame, means on one end of said loop for attachment to a wall facing panel, an outwardly extending flange formed on the opposite end of said loop, said flange having a nail opening adjacent the front of said frame, and a nail driven through said opening into said frame in a direction substantially vertically in the plane of said panel.

19. In a building construction, a building frame, a resilient flat spring loop having one end secured to said building frame, a nailing strip securedto the opposite end of said spring loop, and a building board secured to said nailing strip and forming a lightweight panel.

- BRUNO E. BAIDUI". 

